throwing out

jactus, a, um, Part., from jacio.

jactus, ūs, m. [jacio], a throwing, casting, hurling; a throw, cast.

Lit.

In gen.:

jactus fulminum,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 18; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 104:

haec certamina tanta Pulveris exigui jactu compressa quiescunt,

Verg. G. 4, 87:

glebarum et testarum,

Quint. 8, 2, 5:

intra jactum teli progressus,

Verg. A. 11, 608:

teli jactu abesse,

to be a spear's-throw distant, Liv. 8, 7 init.:

usque ad jactum tali,

Tac. A. 13, 40; Curt. 3, 11, 1:

truces in sublime jactus (of the bull),

Plin. 11, 2, 1, § 4.—

In partic., a throw or cast of dice:

quid est tam incertum quam talorum jactus,

Cic. Div. 2, 59, 121:

in prospero tesserarum jactu,

Liv. 4, 17:

talorum ducere jactus,

Ov. A. A. 3, 353:

ita vita'st hominum quasi si ludas tesseris: si illud, quod maxime opus't jactu non cadit, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 22.—

Transf.

A throwing out, spreading:

jactus radiorum,

Plin. 2, 45, 45, § 116.—

A throwing down or out, throwing overboard:

jactum mercium facere levandae navis causā,

a jettison, Dig. 14, 2, 1 sq.:

facere jactum medio in ponto,

Sen. Troad. 1037:

horribilis de saxo jactu' deorsum,

Lucr. 3, 1016; Verg. G. 4, 528.— Absol.:

decidere jactu cum ventis,

Juv. 12, 33; Paul. Sent. 2, 7.—

A cast (of the net), a haul, draught:

jactum retis emere,

Dig. 19, 1, 11, § 18; Val. Max. 4, 1, 7 ext. —

Trop., a throwing out, uttering:

fortuitus jactus vocis,

an assertion casually thrown out, Val. Max. 1, 5, 9.

Jactus, i, m., a river flowing into the Po, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 118.

jactus, a, um, Part., from jacio.

jactus, ūs, m. [jacio], a throwing, casting, hurling; a throw, cast.

Lit.

In gen.:

jactus fulminum,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 18; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 104:

haec certamina tanta Pulveris exigui jactu compressa quiescunt,

Verg. G. 4, 87:

glebarum et testarum,

Quint. 8, 2, 5:

intra jactum teli progressus,

Verg. A. 11, 608:

teli jactu abesse,

to be a spear's-throw distant, Liv. 8, 7 init.:

usque ad jactum tali,

Tac. A. 13, 40; Curt. 3, 11, 1:

truces in sublime jactus (of the bull),

Plin. 11, 2, 1, § 4.—

In partic., a throw or cast of dice:

quid est tam incertum quam talorum jactus,

Cic. Div. 2, 59, 121:

in prospero tesserarum jactu,

Liv. 4, 17:

talorum ducere jactus,

Ov. A. A. 3, 353:

ita vita'st hominum quasi si ludas tesseris: si illud, quod maxime opus't jactu non cadit, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 22.—

Transf.

A throwing out, spreading:

jactus radiorum,

Plin. 2, 45, 45, § 116.—

A throwing down or out, throwing overboard:

jactum mercium facere levandae navis causā,

a jettison, Dig. 14, 2, 1 sq.:

facere jactum medio in ponto,

Sen. Troad. 1037:

horribilis de saxo jactu' deorsum,

Lucr. 3, 1016; Verg. G. 4, 528.— Absol.:

decidere jactu cum ventis,

Juv. 12, 33; Paul. Sent. 2, 7.—

A cast (of the net), a haul, draught:

jactum retis emere,

Dig. 19, 1, 11, § 18; Val. Max. 4, 1, 7 ext. —

Trop., a throwing out, uttering:

fortuitus jactus vocis,

an assertion casually thrown out, Val. Max. 1, 5, 9.

Jactus, i, m., a river flowing into the Po, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 118.

ē-vĕho, xi, ctum, 3, v. a., to carry out or forth, to convey out, lead forth (rare but class.).

Lit.:

omnia (signa) ex fanis, ex locis publicis palam plaustris evecta exportataque esse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20:

aquas ex planis locis,

Liv. 1, 38 fin.; cf. Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224:

stercus (with exportare),

Cato R. R. 5, 8:

merces (opp. inveho),

Varr. R. R. 1, 16, 6; Dig. 10, 4, 5 et saep.:

incaute se evehentes Masinissa excipiebat,

throwing themselves out, rushing out, Liv. 29, 34:

naves in altum,

id. 25, 27.—In an upward direction; palmaque nobilis Terrarum dominos evehit ad deos, raises aloft, elevates, * Hor. C. 1, 1, 6; cf.:

aliquem ad aethera,

Verg. A. 6, 130:

ad auras,

Ov. M. 14, 127:

in caelum,

Juv. 1, 38.—

Reflex., to ride out or forth, to move out, move forth, proceed, advance, go, spread:

evectus effreno equo,

springing forwards, Liv. 4, 33: cf.

longius,

Tac. A. 12, 14:

de nocte,

Suet. Aug. 97 fin.:

evecti Aegeo mari Delum trajecerunt,

Liv. 44, 28 fin.; cf. id. 28, 30:

ad portum,

id. 37, 15 fin.:

in altum,

id. 21, 50:

ratibus ad regem,

Just. 2, 6 et saep.:

in ancoras evehi,

to run foul of the anchors, Liv. 22, 19.— With the acc. of the place:

evectus os amnis,

Curt. 9, 9 fin. —

To carry up, to convey upwards:

ut in collem Esquiliarium eveheretur,

Liv. 1, 48.—

Trop.

To carry forth, take out, spread abroad:

ut semel e Piraeeo eloquentia evecta est, omnes peragravit insulas,

went forth, Cic. Brut. 13, 51; cf.:

fama ejus evecta insulas,

Tac. A. 12, 36:

spe vana evectus,

carried forwards, Liv. 42, 62; cf.

inconsultius,

id. 35, 31;

and, longius,

Quint. 9, 3, 87:

magicae vanitates in tantum evectae, ut, etc.,

Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 18:

evectus sum longius,

I have made too long a digression, Amm. 15, 12, 6.—

In an upward direction, to raise or lift up, to elevate:

quem usque in tertium consulatum amicitia Principis evexerat,

Vell. 2, 90; cf.:

aliquos ad consulatus,

Tac. Or. 13; and:

imperium ad summum fastigium,

Curt. 4, 14, 20; cf.:

ad magnum culmen,

Amm. 16, 6.—In the part. perf., advanced, promoted:

consiliarii in summum evecti fastigium,

Vell. 2, 56, 3; cf. id. 2, 53, 3:

privatum supra modum evectae opes,

increased, Tac. A. 14, 52.— With dat.:

aliquem evehere summis honoribus,

Spart. Hadr. 15.

mănus, ūs (dat. manu for manui:

alternae manu,

Prop. 1, 11, 12; 2, 1, 60), f. [root man-, ma-, to measure; Sanscr. ma, measure, moon; cf. Germ. Mond, moon, and O. H. Germ. mund, hand; Angl.-Sax. mund], a hand.

Lit.:

quam vero aptas, quamque multarum artium ministras manus natura homini dedit!

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 150:

vas in manus sumere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:

Epicurum in manus sumere, i. e. scripta Epicuri,

id. Tusc. 2, 3, 8:

pyxidem in manu tenere,

id. Cael. 26, 63:

manum porrigere ad tradendum aliquid,

id. ib.:

de manibus deponere,

to lay out of one's hands, lay down, id. Ac. 1, 1, 2. ponere, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

extorquere,

to wrest from one's hands, id. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

e manibus dimittere,

to let go out of one's hands, id. Or. 30, 105: manum ad os apponere, i. e. to lay the finger on the lips in token of secrecy, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4: alicui in manu esse, to be obvious, clear:

neque mihi in manu Jugurtha qualis foret,

Sall. J. 14, 4:

(feminas) in manu esse parentium, fratrum, virorum,

subject to, Liv. 34, 2, 11; cf.:

minus filiae uxores sorores quibusdam in manu erunt,

id. 34, 7, 11: in manibus esse, to be in everybody's hands, to be well known:

est in manibus oratio,

Cic. Lael. 25, 96:

est in manibus laudatio,

id. Sen. 4, 12; id. Brut. 33, 125.—Also, to be near:

hostes sunt in manibus,

near to us, close by us, upon us, Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 7; also, to be present: attendere, quae in manibus sunt, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 1; Verg. A. 10, 280: in manibus habere, to have in hand, to be engaged on a thing:

omnia, quae in manibus habebam, abjeci,

Cic. Att. 13, 47, 1:

habeo opus magnum in manibus,

id. Ac. 1, 1, 2:

philosophi quamcunque rem habent in manibus, in eam, etc.,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18; id. Sen. 7, 22; id. Cael. 27, 65:

milites bellum illud, quod erat in manibus, reliquisse,

id. Rep. 2, 37, 63; cf.:

dum occasio in manibus esset,

Liv. 7, 36, 10:

inimicorum in manibus mortuus est,

among, Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 108:

manu tenere,

to know for certain, id. Brut. 80, 277.— Pass.:

manibus teneri,

to be certain, evident, Cic. Sest. 32, 69: habere in manibus, to fondle, caress, make much of:

sic in manibus (inimicum meum) habebant, sic fovebant, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

in manus venire,

to come to hand, id. Q. Fr. 2, 15, b, 1:

proelium in manibus facere,

to fight at close quarters, Sall. J. 57, 4:

ad manum habere,

to have at hand, have in readiness, Quint. 12, 5, 1:

ad manum esse,

at hand, in hand, near, Liv. 9, 19: ad manum venire or accedere, to come hand to hand, come to close quarters:

nonnumquam etiam res ad manus, atque ad pugnam veniebat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28; Nep. Eum. 5, 2; Liv. 2, 30:

ut venere in manus,

Tac. A. 2, 80:

ut ventum in manus,

id. H. 4, 71:

adire manum alicui, v. 1. adeo: ad manum intueri aliquid,

at hand, close by, hard by, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97:

prae manu or manibus,

at hand, in readiness, in hand, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 10; App. M. 6, p. 180, 32; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 23; Gell. 19, 8:

quem servum ille habuit ad manum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 60, 225:

servus a manu,

i. e. a scribe, secretary, Suet. Caes. 74:

de manu dare,

to give with one's own hand, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 37: de manu in manum quippiam tradere, to deliver from hand to hand, i. e. with great care, Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2: manum ferulae subducere, to take the hand from the rod, i. e. to be too old for the rod, Juv. 1, 15: e manu (for eminus; opp. cominus), from a distance: quae mea cominus machaera atque hasta hostibit e manu, Enn. ap. Fest. s. v. redhostire, p. 270 Müll. (Trag. v. 212 Vahl.): plenā manu, with a full or plentiful hand, bountifully, liberally:

plenā manu dare,

abundantly, Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 2; id. Ep. 120, 10; id. ad Polyb. 9, 7;

so trop.: Hortalus, quam plenā manu nostras laudes in astra sustulit,

Cic. Att. 2, 25, 1; so,

plenis manibus pecuniam largiri,

Lact. 3, 16, 15; cf.:

quemquam vacuis a se manibus abire pati,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 14, 5: manibus pedibusque aliquid facere (Greek pux kai lax), with hands and feet, i. e. with all one's power, with might and main, Ter. And. 1, 1, 134:

per manus,

with the hands, Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

per manus servulae,

by her assistance, Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3: per manus tradere, to deliver from hand to hand, from mouth to mouth, to hand down from father to son:

traditae per manus religiones,

Liv. 5, 51: per manus, also, by force, by main force, forcibly:

per manus libertatem retinere,

Sall. J. 31, 22: inter manus, in one's hands, under one's hands:

agger inter manus proferebatur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 2:

villa crescit inter manus,

Sen. Ep. 12, 1:

nihil adhuc inter manus habui cui majorem sollicitudinem praestare deberem,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 2:

scripta quae inter manus habes,

are occupied with, id. ib. 5, 5, 7.— Trop., palpable, evident:

ante oculos interque manus sunt omnia vestras,

Verg. A. 11, 311; cf.:

manus inter parentum,

id. ib. 2, 681: inter manus, also, in one's hands, in one's arms:

abripite hunc intro actutum inter manus,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 38:

e convivio auferri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28: sub manu and sub manum, at hand, near, readily, immediately, on the instant: Vocontii sub manu ut essent, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 2:

quo celerius, ac sub manum annuntiari cognoscique posset, quid in provincia quāque gereretur, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 49; Sen. Ep. 71, 1: sub manus succedere, according to one's wish, [p. 1112] Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 59: alicujus manu esse, to be from or by one's hand:

epistulae quae quidem erant tua manu,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3; cf. id. ib. 8, 13, 1 (cf. II. C. infra): manu, with the hand, by hand, i. e. artificially, opp. to naturally, by nature: manu sata, i. e. by the hand of man, opp. to what grows wild. Caes. B. C. 3, 44:

urbs manu munitissima,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

quaedam ingenia manu, quod aiunt, facienda sunt,

Sen. Ep. 52, 1:

quidam et liberos ejurent et orbitatem manu faciant,

id. ad Marc. 19, 2: morbi, quos manu fecimus, i. e. which we produce by our own fault (e. g. by intemperance), Sen. Brev. Vit. 3, 3: oratio manu facta, artificial, elaborate, opp. to natural, simple, id. Ep. 115, 2: manu mederi, to be a surgeon, Cels. praef. 1: manibus aequis or manu aequā, with equal advantage:

manibus aequis abscessum est,

Tac. A. 1, 63:

aequā manu discedere,

to come off with equal advantage, Sall. C. 39, 4: manus afferre, to lay hands on; trop., to destroy or weaken:

qui diutius torqueri patitur, quem protinus potest liberare, beneficio suo manus affert,

Sen. Ben. 2, 5, 3:

manum inicere alicui,

to lay the hand on one, to detain, arrest him, Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 48: manum dare, to give or lend a hand, to help, assist, Quint. 2, 3, 7: manus dare or dedere, to give the hands to be bound; hence, in gen., to give up, yield, surrender:

perpende, et, si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

Lucr. 2, 1043:

fateor, manus vobis do,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 72:

donicum aut certe vicissent, aut victi manum dedissent,

Nep. Ham. 1; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 31; Cic. Att. 2, 22, 2; Ov. H. 4, 14; 17, 260; Verg. A. 11, 568; Lact. 5, 1, 3:

brevi manu,

immediately, without delay, Dig. 23, 3, 43, § 1:

longā manu,

slowly, tediously, ib. 46, 3, 79: manum tollere, to raise the hand in token of an intention to yield, to yield, submit: cedo et tollo manum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 28: manus tollere, to raise the hands in token of admiration or astonishment, Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 63: manus tendere ad aliquem, less freq. alicui, to stretch out the hands to one to implore assistance, Caes. B. G. 2, 13; Cic. Font. 17, 38:

quae Romanis manus tendebant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 48:

dextram Italiae,

Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 9:

manu sternere aliquem,

with the sword, Verg. A. 9, 702: utrāque manu, with both hands, i. e. willingly, readily, Mart. 1, 16, 9:

manus manum lavat,

one hand washes the other, one helps the other, Sen. Apoc. 9 fin.; Petr. c. 45, 13; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 80: manum non vertere, not to turn the hand, prov. for to take no pains, make no effort:

qui se fatentur virtutis causā ne manum quidem versuros fuisse,

Cic. Fin. 5, 31, 93; cf. App. Mag. p. 311.

Transf.

The hand as the instrument used in fight; hence, personal valor, bravery:

ne usu manuque reliquorum opinionem fallent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 86:

manu fortissimus,

Liv. 39, 40:

manu fortis,

Nep. Dat. 1, 3:

manu vincere,

Ov. M. 1, 448:

manu capere urbes,

by force of arms, Sall. J. 5, 5:

manum committere Teucris,

to fight, Verg. A. 12, 60; so,

conserere manum,

Liv. 21, 39; 25, 11; 27, 33:

conferre manum,

Liv. 10, 43; Verg. A. 12, 345:

in proelia Ferre manum,

id. ib. 5, 403; cf.:

et vice teli saevit nuda manus,

Juv. 15, 54.—

Force, violence, fighting, close combat:

res venit ad manus atque ad pugnam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:

venire ad manum,

Liv. 2, 30:

accedere ad manum,

Nep. Eum. 5:

in manus venire,

to come to an engagement, come to close quarters, Sall. J. 89, 2:

pugna jam ad manus venerat,

Liv. 2, 46:

non manu, neque vi,

force, violence, Sall. J. 31, 18; so Tac. Agr. 9.—

Of the hand of an artist:

manus extrema non accessit ejus operibus,

the last hand, the finishing touch, Cic. Brut. 33, 126: aptius a summā conspiciare manu, when you have given yourself the finishing touch, i. e. have completed your toilet, Ov. A. A. 3, 225:

carmen nondum recepit ultimam manum,

has not yet received the last polish, Petr. 118.—Hence, extremam bello Imponere manum, to put the finishing hand to the war, to bring it to a close, Verg. A. 7, 573.—Prov.: manum de tabula, lit., the hand from the picture, i. e. enough, Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 1.—

A hand, handwriting; in gen., work, workmanship:

librarii manus,

Cic. Att. 8, 13, 1: Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae, id. ib. 7, 2, 3:

manum suam cognovit,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 12:

propter emissam ab eis manum,

Dig. 22, 3, 15:

Praxitelis manus, Scopaeque,

Mart. 4, 39, 3:

artificum,

Verg. A. 1, 455.—

For pars, a side:

est ad hanc manum sacellum,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 37:

a laeva conspicienda manu,

Ov. A. A. 3, 307. —

In throwing dice, a stake: quas manus remisi, to throw up the stakes, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71.—

In fencing, a thrust, hit, blow:

rectae, aversae, tectaeque manus,

Quint. 9, 1, 20:

prima, secunda, tertia, quarta,

the prime, second, tierce, quart, id. 5, 13, 54.—

The trunk of an elephant:

manus etiam data elephantis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120; Curt. 8, 14, 27; Sil. 9, 628.—

The fore-paws of bears, Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 130.—

The branches on a tree:

(platanus) cui lnnumerae manus,

Stat. S. 2, 3, 39:

fraxineae,

Pall. Insit. 60.—

In milit. lang.: ferreae manus, iron hooks with which an enemy's ship was grappled, grappling-irons:

manus ferreas atque harpagones paraverant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57:

in advenientes hostium naves ferreas manus inicere,

Liv. 36, 44 fin.:

manus ferreas excogitare,

Front. Strat. 2, 3, 24; Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 209; Curt. 4, 9, 2; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 38; Luc. 3, 635.—

Also milit., an armed force, corps of soldiers:

si nova manus cum veteribus copiis se conjunxisset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 37:

magnam manum conducere,

id. ib. 5, 27:

Hasdrubalem propediem affore cum manu haudquaquam contemnenda,

Liv. 30, 7 fin.; id. 44, 27.—

Beyond the milit. sphere, in gen., a body, host, number, company, multitude:

Romam veniet cum magna manu,

Cic. Att. 16, 11, 6:

evocatorum,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 3:

manus ad Quirinalia paratur,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 4; cf.:

manum facere, copias parare,

id. Caecin. 12, 33:

manus bonorum,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:

Judaeorum,

id. Fl. 28, 66:

conjuratorum,

id. Cat. 1, 5, 12:

bicorpor,

i. e. the Centaurs, id. Tusc. 2, 9, 22:

purpuratorum et satellitum,

Liv. 42, 51:

magna clientium,

Suet. Tib. 1:

comitum,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 262:

juvenum,

Verg. A. 6, 5.—

Labor, hands, i. e. workmen:

nos aera, manus, navalia demus,

Verg. A. 11, 329:

quale manus addunt ebori decus,

id. ib. 1, 592.—

Power:

haec non sunt in nostra manu,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3; cf.: in tua manu est, it rests with you, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1:

juxta deos in tua manu positum est,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

victoria in manu nobis est,

depends on, Sall. C. 20, 10:

in vostra manu situm,

id. J. 31; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 43:

in manu esse mihi,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 67. —

In partic., in jurid. lang., the legal power of a husband over his wife, the manus:

in potestate quidem et masculi et feminae esse solent: in manum autem feminae tantum conveniunt. Olim itaque tribus modis in manum conveniebant: usu, farreo, coëmptione, etc.,

Gai. Inst. 1, 108 sq.; Cic. Fl. 34, 84 al.—

Law t. t., manūs injectio, i. e. an arrest: per manus injectionem agebatur, Gai Inst. 4, 21: ob eam rem ego tibi sestertium X. milium judicati manus inicio, Vet. Form. ap. Gai. ib.

mānus, i. q. bonus, Varr. L. L. 6, 2, 4; Macr. S. 1, 3, 13; Isid. 5, 30, 14; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 139; 2, 286; v. ‡ cerus manus.

dējectĭo, ōnis, f. [deicio], a throwing or casting down or out (rare).

Lit. (acc. to deicio no. 1 A. and B.):

imaginum,

Nazar. Pan. Const. 12, 2.—

Esp.

[p. 536] Medic. t. t.:

alvi,

a purging, Cels. 1, 3; 2, 7 al.:

dejectio alone,

Sen. Ep. 120, 16.—

Esp., legal t. t., ejection, a turning out of possession: qui illam vim dejectionemque fecerit, * Cic. Caecin. 20, 57; Dig. 43, 16, 1, § 34.—

(Acc. to dejectus, P. a. no. I.) Altitudines stellarum et dejectiones, depressions, Firmic. Math. 2, 3.—

Trop.:

gradūs dejectio,

degradation, Dig. 49, 16, 3:

populi nostri,

Vulg. 1 Mac. 3, 43.—(Sen. Q. N. 2, 59, 11, defectione is prob. the true reading.)

* * *

* * *

af-fundo (better adf-), ūdi, ūsum, 3, v. a.

To pour to, upon, or into, to sprinkle or scatter on ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit.:

adfusa eis aqua calida,

Plin. 12, 21, 46, § 102:

adfuso vino,

id. 28, 9, 38, § 144; cf. id. 16, 44, 91, § 242:

Rhenum Oceano,

Tac. H. 5, 23:

adfundere alicui venenum in aquā frigidā,

id. A. 13, 16.—Hence:

amnis adfusus oppidis,

that flows by, Plin. 5, 29, 31; and:

oppidum adfusum amne,

washed by a river, id. 3, 3, 4, § 24.—

Trop., to add to, to send or despatch to some place in haste:

equorum tria milia cornibus adfunderentur,

Tac. Agr. 35:

adfundere vitam alicui,

to give life, vitality, to, id. A. 6, 28.—

Adfundere se or adfundi, poet., to cast one's self to the ground: adfusa ( stretched out, prostrate) poscere vitam, Ov. M. 9, 605:

adfusaeque jacent tumulo,

prostrate upon the tomb, id. ib. 8, 539; so Stat. Th. 686.—In prose:

Cleopatra adfusa genibus Caesaris,

throwing herself at, Flor. 4, 2.

af-fundo (better adf-), ūdi, ūsum, 3, v. a.

To pour to, upon, or into, to sprinkle or scatter on ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit.:

adfusa eis aqua calida,

Plin. 12, 21, 46, § 102:

adfuso vino,

id. 28, 9, 38, § 144; cf. id. 16, 44, 91, § 242:

Rhenum Oceano,

Tac. H. 5, 23:

adfundere alicui venenum in aquā frigidā,

id. A. 13, 16.—Hence:

amnis adfusus oppidis,

that flows by, Plin. 5, 29, 31; and:

oppidum adfusum amne,

washed by a river, id. 3, 3, 4, § 24.—

Trop., to add to, to send or despatch to some place in haste:

equorum tria milia cornibus adfunderentur,

Tac. Agr. 35:

adfundere vitam alicui,

to give life, vitality, to, id. A. 6, 28.—

Adfundere se or adfundi, poet., to cast one's self to the ground: adfusa ( stretched out, prostrate) poscere vitam, Ov. M. 9, 605:

adfusaeque jacent tumulo,

prostrate upon the tomb, id. ib. 8, 539; so Stat. Th. 686.—In prose:

Cleopatra adfusa genibus Caesaris,

throwing herself at, Flor. 4, 2.

ālĕa, ae, f. [of uncer. origin; Curtius asserts an obscure connection with the words for bone; Sanscr. asthi; Zend, açti; Gr. osteon; Lat. os (ossis)].

A game with dice, and in gen., a game of hazard or chance. There were among the Romans two kinds of dice, tesserae and tali, Cic. Sen. 16, 58. The tesserae had six sides, which were marked with I. II. III. IV. V. VI.; the tali were rounded on two sides, and marked only on the other four. Upon one side there was one point, unio, an ace, like the ace on cards, called canis; on the opp. side, six points called senio, six, sice; on the two other sides, three and four points, ternio and quaternio. In playing, four tali were used, but only three tesserae. They were put into a box made in the form of a tower, with a strait neck, and wider below than above, called fritillus, turris, turricula, etc. This box was shaken, and the dice were thrown upon the gaming-board. The highest or most fortunate throw, called Venus, jactus Venereus or basilicus, was, of the tesserae, three sixes, and of the tali when they all came out with different numbers. The worst or lowest throw, called jactus pessimus or damnosus, canis or canicula, was, of the tesserae, three aces, and of the tali when they were all the same. The other throws were valued acc. to the numbers. When one of the tali fell upon the end (in caput) it was said rectus cadere, or assistere, Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54, and the throw was repeated. While throwing the dice, it was customary for a person to express his wishes, to repeat the name of his mistress, and the like. Games of chance were prohibited by the Lex Titia et Publicia et Cornelia (cf. Hor. C. 3, 24, 58), except in the month of December, during the Saturnalia, Mart. 4, 14, 7; 5, 85; 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71; Dig. 11, 5. The character of gamesters, aleatores or aleones, was held as infamous in the time of Cicero, cf. Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Phil. 2, 23, although there was much playing with aleae, and old men were esp. fond of this game, because it required little physical exertion, Cic. Sen. 16, 58; Suet. Aug. 71; Juv. 14, 4; cf.

Jahn,

Ov. Tr. 2, 471; Rupert. ad Tac. G. 24, 5:

provocat me in aleam, ut ego ludam,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 75.—Ludere aleā or aleam, also sometimes in aleā:

in foro aleā ludere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 23, 56; Dig. 11, 5, 1: ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70:

aleam studiosissime lusit,

Suet. Claud. 33; so id. Ner. 30; Juv. 8, 10:

repetitio ejus, quod in aleā lusum est,

Dig. 11, 5, 4.—Hence, in aleā aliquid perdere, Cic. Phil. 2, 13:

exercere aleam,

Tac. G. 24:

indulgere aleae,

Suet. Aug. 70:

oblectare se aleā,

id. Dom. 21:

prosperiore aleā uti,

to play fortunately, id. Calig. 41.— Trop.: Jacta alea esto, Let the die be cast! Let the game be ventured! the memorable exclamation of Cæsar when, at the Rubicon, after long hesitation, he finally decided to march to Rome, Suet. Caes. 32, ubi v. Casaub. and Ruhnk.—

Transf., any thing uncertain or contingent, an accident, chance, hazard, venture, risk:

alea domini vitae ac rei familiaris,

Varr. R. R. 1, 4:

sequentes non aleam, sed rationem aliquam,

id. ib. 1, 18:

aleam inesse hostiis deligendis,

Cic. Div. 2, 15:

dare summam rerum in aleam,

to risk, Liv. 42, 59:

in dubiam imperii servitiique aleam ire,

fortune, chance, id. 1, 23:

alea belli,

id. 37, 36:

talibus admissis alea grandis inest,

Ov. A. A. 1, 376:

periculosae plenum opus aleae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 6: M. Tullius extra omnem ingenii aleam positus, raised above all doubt of his talents, Plin. praef. § 7: emere aleam, in the Pandects, to purchase any thing uncertain, contingent, e. g. a draught of fishes, Dig. 18, 1, 8; so ib. 18, 4, 7.

cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].

Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).

A falling down, etc.:

stillicidi,

Lucr. 1, 313:

geli,

id. 5, 205:

nivis,

Liv. 21, 35, 6:

fulminum,

Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—

A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

vehiculi,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—

Trop.

Of time, the end:

extremae sub casum hiemis,

Verg. G. 1, 340.—

A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—

Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

Sall. J. 62, 9.—

That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

novi casus temporum,

id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

Verg. A. 12, 321:

sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

Curt. 4, 7, 13:

quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

Tac. A. 1, 29:

ut quemque casus armaverat,

Sall. C. 56, 3:

si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

id. J. 97 fin.:

in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

Liv. 42, 50, 2:

ludibrium casūs,

id. 30, 30, 5:

casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

id. 10, 1, 2:

bellorum,

Tac. A. 1, 61:

satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

id. ib. 2, 26:

adversi, secundi,

Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

magnus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

mirificus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

mirabiles,

Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

rariores,

Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

dubii,

Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

varii,

Verg. A. 1, 204:

subiti repentinique,

Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

id evenit non temere nec casu,

id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

sive casu sive consilio deorum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

necessitate an casu,

Quint. 3, 6, 26:

casu an persuasu et inductu,

id. 5, 10, 69:

casu an manibus impeditus,

Tac. A. 1, 13:

accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,

A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

mortis durae casus,

Verg. A. 10, 791:

aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

Sall. J. 25, 9:

praeclari facinoris casum dare,

id. ib. 56, 4; so,

si casus daretur,

Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

invadendae Armeniae,

id. ib. 12, 50:

pugnae,

id. ib. 12, 28:

bene gerendae rei,

id. ib. 13, 36:

casum adferre,

Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,

Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

dolens civitatis casum,

Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

urbis Trojanae,

overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,

Euphemist. for death:

Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—

In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

barbari casus... casus rectus,

id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

obliqui,

id. 1, 6, 22:

nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

id. 7, 9, 13:

genitivo,

id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

conversi, i. e. obliqui,

Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

vocandi,

id. ib.:

septimus,

Quint. 1, 4, 26.

Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].

Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).

A falling down, etc.:

stillicidi,

Lucr. 1, 313:

geli,

id. 5, 205:

nivis,

Liv. 21, 35, 6:

fulminum,

Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—

A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

vehiculi,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—

Trop.

Of time, the end:

extremae sub casum hiemis,

Verg. G. 1, 340.—

A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—

Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

Sall. J. 62, 9.—

That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

novi casus temporum,

id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

Verg. A. 12, 321:

sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

Curt. 4, 7, 13:

quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

Tac. A. 1, 29:

ut quemque casus armaverat,

Sall. C. 56, 3:

si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

id. J. 97 fin.:

in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

Liv. 42, 50, 2:

ludibrium casūs,

id. 30, 30, 5:

casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

id. 10, 1, 2:

bellorum,

Tac. A. 1, 61:

satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

id. ib. 2, 26:

adversi, secundi,

Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

magnus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

mirificus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

mirabiles,

Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

rariores,

Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

dubii,

Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

varii,

Verg. A. 1, 204:

subiti repentinique,

Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

id evenit non temere nec casu,

id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

sive casu sive consilio deorum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

necessitate an casu,

Quint. 3, 6, 26:

casu an persuasu et inductu,

id. 5, 10, 69:

casu an manibus impeditus,

Tac. A. 1, 13:

accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,

A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

mortis durae casus,

Verg. A. 10, 791:

aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

Sall. J. 25, 9:

praeclari facinoris casum dare,

id. ib. 56, 4; so,

si casus daretur,

Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

invadendae Armeniae,

id. ib. 12, 50:

pugnae,

id. ib. 12, 28:

bene gerendae rei,

id. ib. 13, 36:

casum adferre,

Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,

Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

dolens civitatis casum,

Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

urbis Trojanae,

overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,

Euphemist. for death:

Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—

In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

barbari casus... casus rectus,

id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

obliqui,

id. 1, 6, 22:

nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

id. 7, 9, 13:

genitivo,

id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

conversi, i. e. obliqui,

Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

vocandi,

id. ib.:

septimus,

Quint. 1, 4, 26.

Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

cāsus (Ciceronis temporibus paulumque infra s geminabatur: cassus, etc., Quint. 1, 7, 20; cf.: causa, Juppiter al.; in inscr. also KASVS), ūs (dat. casu, Nep. Alcib. 6, 4), m. [cado].

Lit., a falling (acc. to cado, I. A. and C.).

A falling down, etc.:

stillicidi,

Lucr. 1, 313:

geli,

id. 5, 205:

nivis,

Liv. 21, 35, 6:

fulminum,

Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135; Ov. M. 8, 259:

celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 10.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 231.—

A fall, an overthrow, a throwing down:

occumbunt multi letum praecipe casu,

Enn. Ann. 391 Vahl.: eoque ictu me ad casum dari, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

casus, quo (infantes) in terram toties deferuntur,

Quint. 1, 12, 10; Lucr. 5, 1333:

vehiculi,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 21 al. —In plur.: cum loci Inciperent casus, i. e. the fall, destruction (by an earthquake), Ov. M. 8, 714.—

Trop.

Of time, the end:

extremae sub casum hiemis,

Verg. G. 1, 340.—

A moral fall, a false step, an error, fall:

multas vias adulescentiae lubricas ostendit (natura), quibus illa insistere, aut ingredi sine casu aliquo ac prolapsione vix posset,

Cic. Cael. 17, 41.—So of a political fall, Cic. Sest. 67, 140.—

Esp., a fall or change from a higher to a lower condition:

secum reputans quam gravis casus in servitium ex regno foret,

Sall. J. 62, 9.—

That which turns out or happens unexpectedly, an occurrence, event, accident, chance, misfortune, emergency (this most freq. in sing. and plur.):

quid est enim aliud fors, quid fortuna, quid casus, quid eventus, nisi cum sic aliquid cecidit, sic evenit, ut vel non cadere atque evenire, vel aliter cadere atque evenire potuerit? etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 15: quis iste tantus casus? unde tam felix concursus atomorum? cf. id. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

novi casus temporum,

id. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

quod consilium etsi in ejusmodi casu reprehendendum non est, tamen incommode accidit,

such an emergency, Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

quod in ejusmodi casu accidit, periti ignaris parebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 18; 10, 5, 8; Quint. 6, 2, 34; Tac. A. 2, 47; Liv. 24, 2, 11; 38, 8, 5: potest igitur veritatem [p. 300] casus imitari, Cic. Div. 2, 21, 49:

quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, Attulerit,

Verg. A. 12, 321:

sive illud deorum munus sive casus fuit,

Curt. 4, 7, 13:

quae casus obtulerat, in sapientiam vertenda ratus,

Tac. A. 1, 29:

ut quemque casus armaverat,

Sall. C. 56, 3:

si quos locus aut casus conjunxerat,

id. J. 97 fin.:

in aleam tanti casus se regnumque dare,

Liv. 42, 50, 2:

ludibrium casūs,

id. 30, 30, 5:

casum potius quam consilium sequatur,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

3: parata ad omnes casus eloquentia,

id. 10, 1, 2:

bellorum,

Tac. A. 1, 61:

satis jam eventuum, satis casuum,

id. ib. 2, 26:

adversi, secundi,

Nep. Dat. 5, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 25; id. Oth. 9:

magnus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

mirificus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

mirabiles,

Nep. Timol. 5, 1:

rariores,

Cic. Off. 2, 6, 19:

dubii,

Cat. 64, 216; Hor. S. 2, 2, 108:

varii,

Verg. A. 1, 204:

subiti repentinique,

Suet. Aug. 73.—Hence, in abl.: casu, adverbially, by chance, casually, by accident, accidentally:

quod si haec habent aliquam talem necessitatem, quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortunā putemus?

Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

id evenit non temere nec casu,

id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

sive casu sive consilio deorum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12; cf. Suet. Claud. 13:

necessitate an casu,

Quint. 3, 6, 26:

casu an persuasu et inductu,

id. 5, 10, 69:

casu an manibus impeditus,

Tac. A. 1, 13:

accidit casu ut legati, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 12, 1; cf. Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 1, 9, 36; id. Ep. 1, 19, 18; Ov. M. 5, 118; 6, 359; 7, 84 et saep.—Hence, also,

A chance, an occasion, opportunity for something (esp. freq. in Sall. and Tac.):

aetas illa multo pluris quam nostra casus mortis habet,

Cic. Sen. 19, 67; cf.:

mortis durae casus,

Verg. A. 10, 791:

aut vi aut dolis sese casum victoriae inventurum,

Sall. J. 25, 9:

praeclari facinoris casum dare,

id. ib. 56, 4; so,

si casus daretur,

Tac. A. 1, 13; 11, 9:

invadendae Armeniae,

id. ib. 12, 50:

pugnae,

id. ib. 12, 28:

bene gerendae rei,

id. ib. 13, 36:

casum adferre,

Quint. 8, 4, 17.— Since the idea of suddenness, unexpectedness, easily passes into that of hostility, adverseness (cf. accido, 4.), casus signifies,

Esp., an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity, = sumphora:

meum illum casum tam horribilem, tam gravem, tam repentinum,

Cic. Sest. 24, 53; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 1, 4:

dolens civitatis casum,

Sall. C. 40, 2; cf. id. J. 14, 22; 23, 2; Liv. 37, 17, 7; 23, 22, 3; Cat. 28, 11.—Of disease:

si alius casus lecto te adfixit,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 81; Ov. M. 4, 142; 14, 473; 15, 494:

res minime in hujusmodi casu noxia,

in the earthquake, Sen. Q. N. 6, 21, 2; id. Cons. ad Marc. 5, 3:

urbis Trojanae,

overthrow, Verg. A. 1, 623.—Hence,

Euphemist. for death:

Saturnini atque Gracchorum casus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

sui quemque casus per quinquennium absumpsissent,

Liv. 23, 22, 3; Sall. J. 73, 1; Hor. S. 2, 5, 49; Suet. Aug. 65; cf. id. Caes. 89; id. Calig. 10.—

In gram. t. t., a case in the inflection of words:

propter eorum qui dicunt, sunt declinati casus, uti is qui de altero diceret, distinguere posset, quom vocaret, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 8, § 16 Müll.: casus dicimus... et vocabulorum formas, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 11 ib.:

ea (verba) sic et casibus et temporibus et genere et numero conservemus, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

barbari casus... casus rectus,

id. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 61:

obliqui,

id. 1, 6, 22:

nominativo, dativo, ablativo,

id. 7, 9, 13:

genitivo,

id. 1, 5, 62: Latinus, sextus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.:

conversi, i. e. obliqui,

Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64: interrogandi (i. e. genetivus), Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 26 Hertz:

vocandi,

id. ib.:

septimus,

Quint. 1, 4, 26.

Cāsus, i, m., a river of Albania, that flows into the Caspian Sea, Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39; Mel. 3, 5, 4.

jăcĭo, jēci, jactum, 3, v. a. [cf. diôkô, to pursue; Germ. jagen], to make go, cause to go, send; hence, to throw, cast, fling, hurl.

Lit.: genu ad aliquem, to hit or push one with the knee, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 17:

lapides,

Cic. Mil. 15:

fulmen in medium mare,

id. Div. 2, 19:

in quem scyphum de manu jacere conatus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 10:

aridam materiam de muro in aggerem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 24:

se in profundum,

Cic. Sest. 20:

saxeam pilam ponto,

Verg. A. 9, 712:

ensem fluctibus mediis,

id. ib. 10, 683:

balearica plumbum Funda jacit, Ov M. 2, 728: libellos in faciem ejus,

Suet. Claud. 15 fin. —Freq. of dice-throwing:

talos,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 35; 5, 2, 54; Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54:

Venerem,

id. Div. 2, 59, 121; Suet. Aug. 71.—

Transf.

To lay, set, establish, build, found, construct, erect:

urbi fundamenta,

Liv. 1, 12:

vallum,

id. 30, 10:

aggere jacto,

Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

molem,

id. B. C. 1, 25:

muros,

Verg. A. 5, 631; 9, 712:

moles,

Cic. Att. 9, 14, 1:

novae domus fundamenta,

Suet. Calig. 22; Ov. F. 4, 835:

molem in mare,

Dig. 43, 8, 2, § 8.—

To send forth, emit; to bring forth, produce:

de corpore odorem,

Lucr. 2, 846:

igniculos,

Cic. Att. 15, 26, 2:

jacturas poma myricas,

that will bear, Ov. A. A. 1, 747.—

To throw away:

scuta jacere, fugereque hostes, more habent licentiam,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 27:

vestem procul,

Ov. M. 4, 357:

is sua jecit humi arma,

id. ib. 3, 127:

pavidas pharetras,

Val. Fl. 5, 427.—Esp., to throw overboard, Dig. 41, 2, 21, § 2; 14, 2, 2, § 7; to cast, shed:

cornua,

Ov. A. A. 3, 78.—

To throw, scatter, sow:

volucres semina jacta legunt,

Ov. M. 5, 485; id. H. 12, 17:

jacto semine,

Verg. G. 1, 104:

seminibus jactis,

id. ib. 2, 57; 6, 11; id. F. 1, 662:

flores,

id. A. 5, 79:

lapides,

id. E. 6, 41.—

To project as a shadow:

nullam umbram,

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183 sq. —

Trop.

To throw, cast:

contumeliam in aliquem,

Cic. Sull. 7, 23:

injuriam in aliquem,

id. Par. 4, 1:

adulteria,

to lay to one's charge, id. Planc. 12, 30:

ridiculum,

id. Or. 26, 87:

id, quod proponendum fuit, permotis animis jacit ad extremum,

id. Part. 13, 46:

jecit quidam casus caput meum, in mediam contentionem,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 13:

probra in feminas illustres,

Tac. A. 11, 13.—

To lay, set, establish:

causae fundamenta,

Cic. Fl. 2, 4:

fundamenta pacis,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 1:

gradum atque aditum ad rem,

id. Agr. 2, 15:

odia in longum jacere,

to strew, sow, Tac. A. 1, 69:

fundamenta reipublicae,

Suet. Aug. 28.—

To throw out in speaking, to let fall, intimate, utter, mention, declare:

assiduas querelas, Cic. poët. Div 1, 8, 14: illud, quod jacis obscure,

id. Att. 2, 7, 4:

suspicionem,

id. Fl. 3, 6:

de lacu Albano,

Liv. 5, 15:

vera an vana,

id. 6, 14:

multo plura praesens audivit, quam in absentem jacta erant,

id. 43, 8:

Jugurtha inter alias jacit oportere, etc.,

Sall. J. 11:

quaedam de habitu cultuque et institutis ejus,

Tac. A 1, 11:

fortuitos sermones,

id. ib. 4, 68:

ali quid per vaniloquentiam ac minas, id. ib 6, 31: multasque nec dubias significationes saepe jecit,

Suet. Ner. 37:

crimina non haec sunt nostro sine jacta dolore,

Tib. 4, 14, 3.

prōjectĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a throwing forward, a stretching out.

Lit.: brachii, i e. extension (opp. contractio), Cic. Or. 18, 59: projectiones aquae, jets, Fest. s. v. tullios, p. 352 Müll.—

Transf., concr., like projectura, a projection, in buildings;

also,

the right to build a projection, Dig. 43, 17, 3, §§ 5 and 6.

sŭpīnus, a, um, adj. [from sub; cf. huptios, from hupo, hupai], backwards, bent backwards, thrown backwards, lying on the back, supine (opp. pronus, cernuus).

Lit.

In gen. (freq. and class.), of persons:

stertitque supinus,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 19; Suet. Aug. 16; id. Claud. 33: pater excitat supinum juvenem, i. e in bed, Juv. 14, 190.—Of animals, parts of the body, etc.:

animal omne, ut vult, ita utitur motu sui corporis, prono, obliquo, supino,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 120:

refracta videntur omnia converti sursumque supina reverti,

Lucr. 4, 441:

quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis?

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

cubitus,

a lying on the back, Plin. 28, 4, 14, § 54:

caput,

thrown back, Quint. 11, 3, 69:

cervix,

id. 11, 3, 82:

vultus,

id. 1, 11, 9:

ora,

Cic. Univ. 14:

venter,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 85:

testudines,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 41:

apes,

id. 11, 8, 8, § 19:

pugnans falce supinā,

Juv. 8, 201: tendoque supinas Ad caelum cum voce manus, i. e. with the open palms turned upwards (a gesture of one praying), Verg. A. 3, 176; so,

manus,

Ov. M. 8, 681; Liv. 3, 50; 26, 9; Curt. 6, 6, 34; Suet. Vit. 7; Hor. C. 3, 23, 1; Quint. 11, 3, 99:

cornua aliis adunca, aliis redunca, supina, convexa,

Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 125:

cathedra,

an easy chair with an inclined back, id. 16, 37, 68, § 174: jactus, a [p. 1813] throwing up, Liv. 30, 10, 13: signis supinis, lowered (opp. erectis), Spart. Sev. 7.— Comp.:

in arborum tonsurā supiniore,

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 214. —

In partic.

Of motion, backwards, going back, retrograde ( poet.):

nec redit in fontes unda supina suos,

Ov. Med. Fac. 40:

cursus fluminum,

id. P. 4, 5, 43:

carmen,

i. e. that can be read backwards in the same metre, Mart. 2, 86, 1.—

Of localities.

Sloping, inclined (not in Cic.;

syn. declivis): tabulae scheda,

Plin. 13, 12, 23, § 77:

scandenti circa ima labor est... si haec jam lenius supina evaseris,

Quint. 12, 10, 79:

per supinam vallem fusi,

Liv. 4, 46, 5; 6, 24, 3; 7, 24, 5:

sin tumulis adclive solum collisque supinos (metabere),

Verg. G. 2, 276:

per supina camporum,

undulating, Amm. 22, 15, 7. —

Stretched out, extended:

Tibur,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 23:

solum,

Plin. Pan. 30, 4:

mare,

Plin. 9, 2, 1, § 2:

vindemia,

id. 17, 22, 35, § 185. —

Trop. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of the mind.

Careless, thoughtless, heedless, negligent, indolent, supine:

otiosi et supini (oratores),

Quint. 10, 2, 17 Spald.:

supini securique,

id. 11, 3, 3; Dig. 18, 1, 15:

animus,

Cat. 17, 25:

Maecenas,

Juv. 1, 66:

auris,

Mart. 6, 42, 22:

compositio (with tarda),

Quint. 9, 4, 137:

ignorantia,

Dig. 22, 6, 6; Quint. 12, 10, 79. — Comp.:

deliciae supiniores,

Mart. 2, 6, 13. —

With head thrown back, haughty, proud:

haec et talia dum refert supinus,

Mart. 5, 8, 10; Pers. 1, 129.—

In later gram. lang. sŭpīnum (sc. verbum).

The verbal form in um and u, the supine (perh. because, although furnished with substantive case-endings, it rests or falls back on the verb), Charis. p. 153 P.; Prisc. p. 811 ib. (called in Quint. 1, 4, 29, verba participialia).—

The verbal form in andum and endum, the gerund, Charis. p. 153 P.; Prisc. p. 823 ib. — Hence, * adv.: sŭpīnē (acc. to II. A. 1.), carelessly, negligently:

beneficium accipere,

Sen. Ben. 2, 24, 3.

sŭpīnus, a, um, adj. [from sub; cf. huptios, from hupo, hupai], backwards, bent backwards, thrown backwards, lying on the back, supine (opp. pronus, cernuus).

Lit.

In gen. (freq. and class.), of persons:

stertitque supinus,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 19; Suet. Aug. 16; id. Claud. 33: pater excitat supinum juvenem, i. e in bed, Juv. 14, 190.—Of animals, parts of the body, etc.:

animal omne, ut vult, ita utitur motu sui corporis, prono, obliquo, supino,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 120:

refracta videntur omnia converti sursumque supina reverti,

Lucr. 4, 441:

quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis?

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

cubitus,

a lying on the back, Plin. 28, 4, 14, § 54:

caput,

thrown back, Quint. 11, 3, 69:

cervix,

id. 11, 3, 82:

vultus,

id. 1, 11, 9:

ora,

Cic. Univ. 14:

venter,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 85:

testudines,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 41:

apes,

id. 11, 8, 8, § 19:

pugnans falce supinā,

Juv. 8, 201: tendoque supinas Ad caelum cum voce manus, i. e. with the open palms turned upwards (a gesture of one praying), Verg. A. 3, 176; so,

manus,

Ov. M. 8, 681; Liv. 3, 50; 26, 9; Curt. 6, 6, 34; Suet. Vit. 7; Hor. C. 3, 23, 1; Quint. 11, 3, 99:

cornua aliis adunca, aliis redunca, supina, convexa,

Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 125:

cathedra,

an easy chair with an inclined back, id. 16, 37, 68, § 174: jactus, a [p. 1813] throwing up, Liv. 30, 10, 13: signis supinis, lowered (opp. erectis), Spart. Sev. 7.— Comp.:

in arborum tonsurā supiniore,

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 214. —

In partic.

Of motion, backwards, going back, retrograde ( poet.):

nec redit in fontes unda supina suos,

Ov. Med. Fac. 40:

cursus fluminum,

id. P. 4, 5, 43:

carmen,

i. e. that can be read backwards in the same metre, Mart. 2, 86, 1.—

Of localities.

Sloping, inclined (not in Cic.;

syn. declivis): tabulae scheda,

Plin. 13, 12, 23, § 77:

scandenti circa ima labor est... si haec jam lenius supina evaseris,

Quint. 12, 10, 79:

per supinam vallem fusi,

Liv. 4, 46, 5; 6, 24, 3; 7, 24, 5:

sin tumulis adclive solum collisque supinos (metabere),

Verg. G. 2, 276:

per supina camporum,

undulating, Amm. 22, 15, 7. —

Stretched out, extended:

Tibur,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 23:

solum,

Plin. Pan. 30, 4:

mare,

Plin. 9, 2, 1, § 2:

vindemia,

id. 17, 22, 35, § 185. —

Trop. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of the mind.

Careless, thoughtless, heedless, negligent, indolent, supine:

otiosi et supini (oratores),

Quint. 10, 2, 17 Spald.:

supini securique,

id. 11, 3, 3; Dig. 18, 1, 15:

animus,

Cat. 17, 25:

Maecenas,

Juv. 1, 66:

auris,

Mart. 6, 42, 22:

compositio (with tarda),

Quint. 9, 4, 137:

ignorantia,

Dig. 22, 6, 6; Quint. 12, 10, 79. — Comp.:

deliciae supiniores,

Mart. 2, 6, 13. —

With head thrown back, haughty, proud:

haec et talia dum refert supinus,

Mart. 5, 8, 10; Pers. 1, 129.—

In later gram. lang. sŭpīnum (sc. verbum).

The verbal form in um and u, the supine (perh. because, although furnished with substantive case-endings, it rests or falls back on the verb), Charis. p. 153 P.; Prisc. p. 811 ib. (called in Quint. 1, 4, 29, verba participialia).—

The verbal form in andum and endum, the gerund, Charis. p. 153 P.; Prisc. p. 823 ib. — Hence, * adv.: sŭpīnē (acc. to II. A. 1.), carelessly, negligently:

beneficium accipere,

Sen. Ben. 2, 24, 3.